What causes multiple myeloma?
-No one knows the exact causes of multiple myeloma.
-Doctors seldom know why one person develops this disease and another doesn't.
-Research has shown that certain risk factors increase the chance that a person will develop this disease.
-Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor.
-Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer.
Multiple myeloma risk factors
Risk factors for multiple myeloma include the following:
-Age over 65
-Gender
-Exposure to radiation
-Personal history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
-Family history of multiple myeloma
- Work place exposure
-Obesity
-Growing older increases the chance of developing multiple myeloma
-Most people with myeloma are diagnosed after age 65. This disease is rare in people younger than 35.
-Men are slightly more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.
-Exposure to radiation may increase the risk of multiple myeloma.
-At most, this accounts for a very small number of cases.
Personal history of MGUS
-MGUS is a benign condition in which abnormal plasma cells make
M proteins.
-Usually, there are no symptoms, and the abnormal level of M protein is found with a blood test.
-Sometimes, people with MGUS develop certain cancers, such as multiple myeloma.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance : MGUS
Family history
-Studies have found that a person's risk of multiple myeloma may be higher if a close relative had the disease
-Some studies have suggested that workers in certain petroleum-related industries may be at a higher risk of multiple myeloma.
There are 3 main parts of the larynx:
-Supraglottis: The upper part of the larynx above the vocal cords, including the epiglottis.
-Glottis: The middle part of the larynx where the vocal cords are located.
-Subglottis: The lower part of the larynx between the vocal cords and the trachea (windpipe).
-A study by the American Cancer Society has found that being overweight or obese increases a person's risk of developing myeloma.
There are several paranasal sinuses named after the bones that surround them:
.The frontal sinuses are in the lower forehead above the nose.
.The maxillary sinuses are in the cheekbones on either side of the nose.
.The ethmoid sinuses are beside the upper nose, between the eyes.
.The sphenoid sinuses are behind the nose, in the center of the skull.
-Nasal cavity
.The nose opens into the nasal cavity, which is divided into two nasal passages.
.Air moves through these passages during breathing.
.The nasal cavity lies above the bone that forms the roof of the mouth and curves down at the back to join the throat.
.The area just inside the nostrils is called the nasal vestibule. A small area of special cells in the roof of each nasal passage sends signals to the brain to give the sense of smell.
.Together the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity filter and warm the air, and make it moist before it goes into the lungs.
.The movement of air through the sinuses and other parts of the respiratory system help make sounds for talking.
-A rare cancer that forms in tissues of a salivary gland. Most salivary gland cancers occur in older people.
-The salivary glands make saliva and release it into the mouth. Saliva has enzymes that help digest food and antibodies that help protect against infections of the mouth and throat.
-More than half of all salivary gland tumors are benign (not cancerous) and do not spread to other tissues
There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands:
-Parotid glands: These are the largest salivary glands and are found in front of and just below each ear. Most major salivary gland tumors begin in this gland.
-Sublingual glands: These glands are found under the tongue in the floor of the mouth.
-Submandibular glands: These glands are found below the jawbone.
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